Similar to a simple Rankine cycle, a basic organic Rankine cycle (ORC) consists of four processes: increasing pressure of the working fluid through a pump, high temperature heat addition through an evaporator, expansion of the high temperature as well as high pressure fluid through a turbine, and low temperature heat ...

The choice of the organic fluids was based on previous reports [4, [62] [63][64], where the best efficiencies for the organic Rankine cycles operated in similar conditions to those of the present study were obtained with benzene, toluene, and cyclohexane.

An organic Rankine⁵ cycle turbine is a small turbine that is identical in design to a steam turbine but which uses a low boiling point organic fluid as its working fluid instead of water and steam. The turbine is packaged into a closed cycle system with a condenser and heat exchanger.

Organic fluids possess several advantages over water as the working fluid in a Rankine-cycle engine utilising low-grade energy as the heat input, particularly for low power output applications.