Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC) are systems that can effectively recover low-grade heat for electric power generation. For ORC to be a viable technology, it should operate safely and efficiently under variable operating conditions due to exogenous and operating specifications changes.

The Rankine cycle operates in the following steps: 1-2-3 Isobaric Heat Transfer. High pressure liquid enters the boiler from the feed pump (1) and is heated to the saturation temperature (2). Further addition of energy causes evaporation of the liquid until it is fully converted to saturated steam (3).

The Rankine cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle describing the process by which certain heat engines, such as steam turbines or reciprocating steam engines, allow mechanical work to be extracted from a fluid as it moves between a heat source and heat sink.

A simple Rankine cycle is based on pressurizing water with a pump, heating the pressurized water beyond its boiling point to produce superheated steam in the boiler, expanding the steam through a steam turbine, cooling the residual steam to regenerate water, and returning the water to the pump to start through the ...