Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC) are systems that can effectively recover low-grade heat for electric power generation. For ORC to be a viable technology, it should operate safely and efficiently under variable operating conditions due to exogenous and operating specifications changes.

ORC WHR system consists of four major components: pump, evaporator, expander and condenser, as shown in Figure 1. Liquid refrigerant is pumped to the evaporator where it is heated and vaporized by the heat sources. ...

The ORC cycles operate between 100 and 30 °C typical for geothermal power plants at pressures mostly limited to 20 bar, but in some cases supercritical pressures are also considered.

The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is a thermodynamic process that generates electricity and heat even at lower temperatures: Instead of water, another organic process medium with a low evaporation temperature is used for the steam power process.