The Kalina cycle is essentially a modified Rankine cycle that utilizes the mixture of two different compounds as the working fluid: water and ammonia. The basic Rankine cycle does not utilize a mixture of two components; however, pure water is utilized.

The working principle of the organic Rankine cycle is the same as that of the Rankine cycle: the working fluid is pumped to a boiler where it is evaporated, passed through an expansion device (turbine, screw, scroll, or other expander), and then through a condenser heat exchanger where it is finally re-condensed.

The heat source temperature ranges from 200 to 400°C that can be used for the Kalina cycle and provide 20-40% efficiency range compare to the typical Steam cycle.

2.5 Disadvantages of Kalina Cycle 1) Ammonia is more corrosive compound to water so we use ammonia water mixture. 2) In HVRG the vapor fractions is generally higher then the heat transfer is to vapor so heat transfer coefficient is low so that needs large heat exchangers.