Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC) are systems that can effectively recover low-grade heat for electric power generation. For ORC to be a viable technology, it should operate safely and efficiently under variable operating conditions due to exogenous and operating specifications changes.

Additionally, ORCs eliminate the need for full-time plant operators because they operate at lower pressures and do not need water chemistry maintenance. However, working fluid cost, decomposition, temperature limits are an organic Rankine cycle's primary disadvantages.

A simple Rankine cycle is based on pressurizing water with a pump, heating the pressurized water beyond its boiling point to produce superheated steam in the boiler, expanding the steam through a steam turbine, cooling the residual steam to regenerate water, and returning the water to the pump to start through the ...

ORC's can recover heat from waste streams at lower temperatures than is possible with conventional steam Rankine systems, and because ORCs operate at relatively low pressure, they can operate unattended and fully automated in most locations.