The working principle of the organic Rankine cycle is the same as that of the Rankine cycle: the working fluid is pumped to a boiler where it is evaporated, passed through an expansion device (turbine, screw, scroll, or other expander), and then through a condenser heat exchanger where it is finally re-condensed.

The Organic Rankine Cycle's principle is based on a turbogenerator working as a conventional steam turbine to transform thermal energy into mechanical energy and finally into electric energy through an electrical generator.

An organic Rankine⁵ cycle turbine is a small turbine that is identical in design to a steam turbine but which uses a low boiling point organic fluid as its working fluid instead of water and steam. The turbine is packaged into a closed cycle system with a condenser and heat exchanger.

ORC WHR system consists of four major components: pump, evaporator, expander and condenser, as shown in Figure 1. Liquid refrigerant is pumped to the evaporator where it is heated and vaporized by the heat sources. ...