Waste heat recovery is one of the most important development fields for the organic Rankine cycle (ORC), where a low boiling point organic fluid is used as a working medium. The ORC can be applied to heat and power plants or to industrial and farming processes.

The organic Rankine cycle is is similar to the Rankine steam cycle, but uses an organic fluid such as refrigerants and hydrocarbons instead of water as the working fluid. The ordinary Rankine cycle uses thermal power to convert water to steam, which expands through a turbine in order to generate electricity.

Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is suitable. to converting the normally hard to utilize low-temperature thermal energies, such as geothermal energy, solar energy, and industrial waste heat, to electricity through utilizing low boiling organic working fluids.

Similar to a simple Rankine cycle, a basic organic Rankine cycle (ORC) consists of four processes: increasing pressure of the working fluid through a pump, high temperature heat addition through an evaporator, expansion of the high temperature as well as high pressure fluid through a turbine, and low temperature heat ...